Electromagnetic structure.



l LBBRDON BLBGTROMAGNETIG STRUCTURE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 10, 1913.

1,085,721 Patented Feb. 3, 1914.

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A. E. BERDON. BLEGTROMAGNBTIG STRUCTURE. APPLIOATIQN FILED MAY 10, 1913.

` Patented Feb. 3, 1914.

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ALBERT E. BERDON, 0F NDIANPLS, ENDIANA.

nrnornoivraeivnrre STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Febj 3, 1914, Application filed May 10, 1913. Serial No. 766,873.

net portion in the magnet structure, the winding ycore 'i being preferably -of soft unlam-inated iron having soft iron polar exjtensions Q and 3 secu-red to its ends by means of screws 4, these soft iron polar .extensions 80 extending laterally -of the core for a suliicient distance upon each side of the core `to afford proper limits to .the magnet winding space and each being inturned in approaching directions upon one side of' the $5 core as indicated at 5, a suitable gap intervening between the -inturned polar extension ends there Ato constitute a gap in the magnetic circuit.' This gap is bridged by a soft iron armature 6 whose lower face is formed 70 with a rounded flcnuin ridge 7 affording a rolling contact between the armature and one of the polar extensions 3 upon which the armature is supported adjacent the gap' between the polar extensions. The fulcrum 75 ridge 7 is located substantially midway bemovement consequent upon magtween the ends vof the armature l6 whereby ction immediately commences and the armature is caused preferably to ovellie -ntinues'theredistribution of the substantially all of the insetting extension :ir ature has completely of the polar extension upon which the ar- `B0 n in response to its magmature is mounted, the other end of the ar- V E61-@by a. rapid and commature overlyingasufticientportion ofthe inn ng stroke of the armature is assetting extension of the other polar extension terd he initial unbalancing of the 2 to enable the proper passage of the mag- -tliearinature has been effected, the netic flux., In the absence of sufficient trac- 85 of the armature to continue 'the tive effort between the polar extension 2 and alte upon which it has commenced the armature G, a spring 8 operates to draw o strong that it will take its full 'the right hand end of the armature downt @van though the initial magnetwardly until lthe non-magnetic stop 9 ence required to start the movement gages the polar extension 3. When the malg- 9 reduced. f netic attraction is sufficient, the force of the ivention has other characteristics and Spring S is .overcome to move the armature l characteristics will be fully in a countercloclnvise direction, the extent of crence to the preferred emmovement in this direction being limited by i shown in 'the accompanya stop 10 of non-magnetic material adapted 95 gs and in which' for engagement with the polar extension 2. a plan view; Fig. E2 is a view The force of the spring is regulated by a Wg. il; Fig. 3 is a view on horizontally adjustable screw 11 working lg g Fig. a is a side view; Fig. upon the adjacent and inclined end of the r i' line 5 5 of Fig. 4; Fig. G is spring 8. The spring operates upon the 100 ie of i; Fig, 7 is a dearmature through the intermediation of the of the parts as they' appear in strut 12 swingingly connected at its upper a View on line 8-8 of Fig. end with the armature and at its lower end online 9 9 of Fig; 4; and 'with a spring tongue 13 projecting upare diagrams illustrating wardly from and being integrally formed '105 with the spring 8. are indicated bysimilar char- The flux set up within the magnetic cirthroughout the dierent cuit established by the elements 1,' 2, 3, 6

and 7 is diagrammatically indicated in Figs. is preferably no permanent mag. 10 and ll by the `flux lines having the arrow 11 o fw from c't-mag/ concern:

l i n that I, ALBERT E. BERDON, of Lne United States, residing at Inalis, in the rcounty of Marion and 4indiana, have invented a certain l. useful lmprovement in Electroc Ctructures, of which the following ciear, concise, and exact descripference being had to the accompanygs, forming a par-t of this speciinvention relates to electro-magnets 'pr its main object the construction magnet in which the armature will i such a redistribution of the magnetic to eniect the desired operation of the ne invention is embodied, to suit a Wose sucli as that set forth in my e" application Serial No. 765,874, it), i913, the armature upon its heads pointing a direction of luX. The l the second of such fulcrum ridge 7 is integrally formed with the armature 6 and has magnetic contact with the polar extension 3, the lines vof force havin one distribution at the armature when t e armature is unattracted andanother distribution when the armature is attracted, the ortions of the lower armature face being esirably angnlarly related. to permit the armature to swing and to permit the liux to change its distribution to con- .trol the movement of the armature. When the armature is unattracted the flux upon the right of the fulcrum 7 is substantially evenly distributed between the polar eXtension'3 and the right hand portion of the armature but when the armature is magnetically shifted in position the air gap between the armature and the polar extension supporting the same will iare toward the right, this iiaring progressively increasing as the armature continues to move in response to its magnetic attraction whereby the magnetic reluctance at it-s vvright hand air gap increases and progressively increases toward the right hand limit of the armature f relation with the i *sa so as to effect a progressively increasing concentration of the lines of force toward and at the fulcrum ridge thereby progressively to reduce the magnetic pull upon the right hand end of the armature as the armature is moving to its magnetically attracted position lwhereby the liuX across the air gap at the left hand end of the armature, as it is progressively shortened, may cause the more rapid positive closing movement of the armature, the magnetic .opposition to such closing movement at the right hand end of the armature being rapidly and progres sively decreased as will be understood for reasons above explained and owing also to the lengthening of the portions of the lines of forcethat span the progressively increasing air gap at the right hand end of the armature. Thus all the flux traverses the gap at the left hand end of the armature while the portion which traverses the gap at the right hand end of the armature progressively decreases as this latter gap is widened, a result which is rendered possible owing to the reduction of magnetic reluctance at 7 where a path is afforded for increasing 'flux diverted therethrough owing to the increasing reluctance at the right of the armature. In other words' there is but one flux path at the left of the armature and there are two iux paths at the right hand .portion of the armature, one 'of these latter two tiuX paths including the fulcrum 7 and the other including the right hand air gap, thesetwo fiuX paths thus being in shunt relation with feach other and each Iin serial path at the left hand air gap, more flux being diverted through the first of these two shunt related paths from paths as the right hand air gap increases and more being diverted through the second of such paths from the first as this right hand air gap decreases. The spacing intervenin between the fulcrum 7 and the left hand air gap is Selected to enable the flux there to eli'ect magnetic attraction as desired, the sum of the lines of force at the left hand air gap multiplied by their respective distances from the fulcrum 7 quickly becoming eater than a similar summation at the rig it hand air gap when the armature is being magnetically attracted. As soon as the armature moves the slightest owing to magnetic attraction a redistribution oi? the flux along the lines above set forth is immediately commenced and rapidly continues to insure a rapid and complete closing stroke of the armature after the initial unbalancing of the flux at the opposite ends of the armature occurs, the tendency of the armature 6 to cont-inne the entire stroke upon which it has commenced being so strong that it will take its full movement even though the initial magnetizing force required to start the movement be largely reduced.

The strip metal springs 17 and 18 carry disk-Shaped contacts 27, 28, the strip metal spring 25 engaging the spring 18 near the outer peripheral portion of the disk con-` tact 28 for the purpose of so flexing the spring 18 as to enable the opposing faces of the contacts 27 and 28 to be in exact parallelism when the contact 27 is on the point of application to the Contact 28 whenthe spring 17 carrying contact 27 is moved upwardly by the armature through the intermediation of the insulating post 2li, whereby the adjacent faces oitl these contacts are initially in engagement throughout to prevent undue introduction of resistance at this point of contact. The stop 2G is adjustable to enable the spring 18 to be properly initially positioned, the stop 26'op* erating upon the spring 18 through thc spring 25. The spring 17 carries a lower contact engaging the normal contact upon the spring 2l. n adjustable post 28 limits the extent to which the spring 21 may be liexed upwardly duc to its own resilience when the spring 17 is lifted.

The strut 12 is stamped out of sheet metal so as to be somewhat in the form of an H, the lower and smaller' ing through the opening 29 in the armature which is too small to permit the other end of the strut to pass through this opening, the smaller end of the strutlthen being passed through the opening 30 in the tongue 18 lengthwise yof this opening wherealter the tongue and strut are turned 90j with respect to each other to cause the smaller end of the strut to lie crosswise of the narrower dimension of the opening 30. Thus end of the strut pass 4 and the end of the'tongue which is free of the spring. l

6. An electro-magnet having a swingingly 55 mounted armature provided with a retractile spring held at both ends and carrying a spring tongue, and a strut connecting the armature and the end of the tongue which is free of the spring. 60

7 An electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retract-ile spring held at both ends and carrying a tongue having its end which is free of the spring connected with the armature, and 65 means for adjusting the position of the spring.

8. An electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retractile spring held at bot-h ends and carrying a 70 spring tongue having its end which is free of the spring connected with the armature, and means for adjusting the position of the spring. v

9. An electro-magnet having a swingingly 75 mounted armature provided with a retractile spring held at both ends and carrying a.Y

tongue, a strut connecting the armature an Y the end of the tongue which is free of the spring, and means for adjusting the position 80 of the spring.

10. An electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retraetile spring held at both ends and carrying a spring tongue, a strut connecting the 85 armature and the end of the tongue which is free ofthe spring, and means for adjusting the position of the spring.

11. An electro-magnet switch including two swingingly mounted contacts having 90 opposing engageable flat contact faces; an electro-magnet for swinging one of said contacts toward the other; a strip spring upon which the other cont-act is mounted; an means for flexing said spring to enable the 95 extended engagement of said contact faces upon the initial engagement of the contacts.

' In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this, 22nd day of April A. D., 1913.

ALBERT E. BERDON.

Witnesses: A. J. WEBER,

E. C. BROMMER.

by a simple expedient'the elements 6 and 13 are effectively coupled'to enable the spring 8 to exert retracting pressure upon the armature, the extent of this retracting pressure being regulated by the wedging action `which the screw 11 has upon the spring 8. While I have herein shown and particularly described the preferred embodiment of my invention l do not wish to be limited to the precise details of .construction shown as changes may readily be made without dearting from the spirit of the invention, but

Having thus described my invention claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent the following :4-

1. An electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retractile spring, and a strut joining the armature and spring, the strut having a long narrow head while the spring has an elongated opening of a size to permit said head to pass therethrough lengthwise of the opening an head but 4not with the head crosswise o the opening.

2. An electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retractile spring, and a strut joining the armature and spring, the strut having a long narrow head while the spring has an elongated opening of a size to permit said head to pass therethrough lengthwise of the opening and head but not with the head crosswise of the opening, said strut having a second and larger head engaging the armature. that is 3o provided with an opening permitting of the passage therethrough of the smaller strut head and preventing such passage of the larger strut head.

8. An electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retractile spring lheld at both ends and carrying a tongue having its end which is free of the spring connected with the armature.

4. An electrdmagnet having a swingingly mountedvarmature provided with a retrac' tile spring held at bothends and carrying a spring tongue having'its end which 1s free of the spring connected with the armature.

5. An 'electro-magnet having a swingingly mounted armature provided with a retractile spring held at both ends and carrying a tongue, and a strut connecting the armature 

